Sigiriya, also known as Sinhagiri, stands as an ancient rock fortress located in the Matale District near the town of Dambulla in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. This historical site, situated in an ecologically valuable forest, reaches a height of about 200 meters (600 feet). Once called Alakamandava, meaning the City of the Gods, it was originally constructed some 50 centuries ago by King Kuvera, the half-brother of Ravana (Ravan).

Around the 5th century CE, King Kashyapa chose Sigiriya as the site for a new city. Instead of building from scratch, he opted to re-construct the existing fortress. Atop the colossal rock, he erected a palace adorned with vibrant arts and surrounded by remarkable water parks. The entrance to this fortress, shaped like a lion, is believed to be the origin of its name, Sinhagiri or Sigiriya.

Following King Kashyapa’s demise, the capital and royal palace were abandoned and later repurposed as a Buddhist temple until the 14th century. Today, Sigiriya is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site and stands as one of the finest examples of ancient urban planning. The climb to the top reveals stunning paintings on the western side of the rock, spanning 140 meters in length and 40 meters in height, predominantly featuring depictions of ladies, believed to be the king’s consorts engaged in religious observances. Similar paintings are found in the Ajantha Caves in India.

The Mirror Wall, a highly polished surface, allows one to see reflections even clearer than a real mirror. Inscriptions on this wall, dating back to the 8th, 9th, and 10th centuries CE, were read and translated by Mr. Senarath Paranavithana, the Archaeological Commissioner of Ceylon. The verses offer insights into the historical period.

The water gardens in the central part of the west side showcase sophisticated technology, baffling even modern engineers. Witnessing the beauty and technological marvels of Sigiriya is highly recommended, as it provides a captivating glimpse into the rich history and ingenuity of this ancient fortress.